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Glossary of Terms & Acronyms Compiled & Contributed from Private & Public Tourism
Organizations
AAA
- American
Automobile Association http://www.aaa.com/scripts/WebObjects.dll/ZipCode
Community is people living in one place, district,
state, or country (NEAP, 2000). Confidential Tariff: A schedule of wholesale
rates distributed in confidence to travel wholesalers and travel agents.
Consolidator: A person or company
which forms groups to travel on air charters or at group fares on scheduled
flights to increase sales, earn override commissions or reduce the possibility
of tour cancellations.
DNR
- Department
of Natural Resources
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
is a process
of predicting and evaluating the impacts of specific developments or
actions on the environment.
Environmental impact statement is
the report resulting from an environmental impact assessment.
Environmental management system (EMS)
is part
of the overall management system that includes the organizational structure,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for
determining and implementing the environmental policy.
Escort: A person, usually employed by a tour operator,
who accompanies a tour from departure to return as guide or trouble-shooter,
or a person who performs such functions only at the destination.
The terms host-escort or host are often used, and
are preferred, to describe this service.
Escorted Service: A prearranged travel program, usually
for a group, with escort service.
Fully escorted tours may also use local guide services.
ESSTO
- Educational
Seminar for State Travel Officials
Familiarization Trip: A complimentary or reduced-rate travel
program for travel agents, airline or rail employees or other travel
buyers, designed to acquaint participants with specific destinations
or suppliers and to stimulate the sale of travel.
Familiarization tours, also called fam tours, are sometimes
offered to journalists as research trips for the purpose of cultivating
media coverage of specific travel products.
FIT
- Acronym
with multiple meanings. RTM has seen it used to mean the following:
-Foreign individual traveler
-Frequent individual traveler
-Fully independent traveler
- Usually a "FIT Package" will include lodging, meals, and
attractions.
Foreign Independent
Travel or Foreign Individual Travel - FIT: An international pre-paid
unescorted tour that includes several travel elements such as accommodations,
rental cars and sightseeing. An FIT operator specializes in preparing
FITs documents at the request of retail travel agents. FITs usually
receive travel vouchers to present to on-site services as verification
of pre-payment.
Fulfillment Piece - Promotional
literature, video, or other material that is sent in response to an
inquiry. Usually contains
full trip planning information.
Geotourism (1998) - Tourism that sustains
or enhances the geographic character of the place being visited--its
environment, culture, aesthetics,
GHA Green Hotels Association http://www.greenhotels.com/
GLAMER
- Group
Leaders of America Travel Show
http://www.glamer.com/
Ground Operator: A company that provides local travel services,
including transportation or guide services.
Group
Tour and Group Leader - Group Tour: A travel agent type company which plans
motorcoach trips. Group
Leader: A small, informal
group, such as a church group, scout troup, or social group. Usually one person plans the activities
for the group. Some travel
shows target these planners such as GLAMER.
Hospitality - A general term used in travel &
tourism describing the "hospitality industry"; refers to the general
greeting, welcoming, food service, etc.
Hotel Package: A package offered
by a hotel, sometimes consisting of no more than a room and breakfast;
sometimes, especially at resort hotels, consisting of (ground) transportation,
room, meals, sports facilities and other components.
HSMAI
- Hospitality
Sales and Marketing Association International http://www.hsmai.org/
IAAPA International Association of Amusement
Parks & Attractions http://www.iaapa.org/
IACC International Association of Conference
Centers http://www.iacconline.com/
IACVB International Association of Convention
& Visitor Bureaus http://www.iacvb.org/
ICTA Institute of Certified Travel Agents
http://www.icta.com/
IDRC
- International
Development Research Council http://www.idrc.ca/
IFEA International Festival & Events
Association http://www.ifea.com/
Incentive Tour: A trip offered as a prize, usually by
a company to stimulate employee sales or productivity.
Inquiry
- A request
for more information about an attraction or destination.
Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act (ISTEA) http://www.dot.gov/ost/govtaffairs/istea
International Association
of Convention & Visitors Bureaus - IACVB: Worldwide association
of convention and visitors bureaus, based in Washington, DC. http://www.iacvb.org/
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) is a world federation based in Geneva
to develop voluntary standards designed to facilitate international
manufacturing, trade, and communications.
Interpretation - Print materials, signage, narration,
guided tours, and anything that "interprets" the site for the visitor.
Interpretation helps the customer "interpret" the experience
and explains why a particular product is valuable.
Interpretation adds value and meaning to the experience.
Common interpretation techniques used in ecotourism include commentary
on guided tours, presentations and discussions, drama performance, musical
performance, brochures, signs, displays, and audiovisual presentations
(NEAP, 2000).
ISES International Special Events Society
http://www.ises.com/
ISO
14001 is
the international standard for environmental management systems.
ISTEA
Intermodial
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act http://www.dot.gov/ost/govtaffairs/istea
Itinerary: Travel schedule provided by a travel agent
for his/her customer. A proposed or preliminary itinerary may be rather
vague or specific. A final
itinerary however provides all details (flight numbers, departure times,
reservation confirmation numbers) and describes planned activities.
Life
Cycle assessment is a variant of an EMS that tracks
a product, process or activity from "cradle to grave." In the tourism
industry, it assesses the use of resources and social and environmental
impact during three phases: 1) departure and return travel, 2) stay
at the destination, and 3) activities at the destination.
Mass
or mainstream tourism are terms commonly but loosely used
to refer to popular forms of leisure tourism pioneered in southern Europe,
the Caribbean, and North America in the 1960's and 1970's.
MPI Meeting Professionals International
http://www.mpiweb.org/
Nature
tourism is
travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature.
NBTA National Business Travel Association
http://www.nbta.org/
NCA National Concierge Association
http://conciergeassoc.org/index.htm
NCBNP National Coalition of Black Meeting
Planners http://www.ncbmp.com/whoweare.shtml
NCSTD
- National
Council of State Travel Directors
... The National
Council of State Tourism Directors is an industry
council of the Travel Industry Association of America
http://www.tourstates.com/
NMA National Motorists Association
http://www.motorists.com/
NPCA National Parks & Conservation
Association http://www.npca.org/flash.html
NPF
- National
Park Foundation www.nationalparks.org/npf
NRA National Restaurant Association
http://www.restaurant.org/
NTA National Tour Association http://www.ntaonline.com/
Package Tour: A saleable travel product offering an
inclusive price with several travel elements that would otherwise be
purchased separately. Usually
has a predetermined price, length of time and features but can also
offer options for separate purchase.
Packager: Anyone organizing a tour including prepaid
transportation and travel services, usually to more than one destination. PR
- Public
Relations
Product
Extension - An
add-on product or service, which enhances the experience of your product
and generates additional revenue.
Example - A state
park that offers guided wildflower tours (for a fee).
Product
Life Cycle - The cyclical pattern of demand for most
products from "new and exciting" to "old and dated." Almost all products (tourism and otherwise)
have these cycles.
PRSA
- Public
Relations Society of America
http://www.prsa.org/
Rack
Card - The
typical tourism brochure sized 4" x 9" and used primarily in tourism
racks. Also known as a "teaser."
Rack Rate: The official cost posted by a hotel, attraction
or rental car, but not used by tour operators.
Reassurance Sign - When trying to locate an attraction,
especially when the route is long and unclear, it is critical to offer
"reassurance signs" that tell the visitor they are indeed going the
right way.
Receptive Operator - Someone
who plans to "receive" your motorcoach or tour group. They may plan your lodging, meals, attraction
visits, etc. for a fee or commission. A tour operator
or travel agent specializing in services for incoming visitors, such
as meeting them at the airport and facilitating their transfer to lodging
facilities
Reconnaissance - An on-site evaluation of an attraction
or destination from the perspective of the customer. Best performed by an outsider who is not
familiar with the location and who is trained in fair and scientific
methods of evaluation.
Retail Agency: Travel Company selling
directly to the public, sometimes a subdivision of a wholesale and/or
retail travel organization.
RSA
- Receptive
Services Association http://www.rsana.com/
SATW
- Society
of American Travel Writers
SGMP
- Society
of Government Meeting Planners
Small
and medium enterprises (SME) are generally companies that employ
less than 250 but more than ten individuals. Companies employing less
than ten people are generally referred to as micro-enterprises (Synergy,
2000).
SMERFs
- Social,
military, educational, religious, and fraternal market segments. Usually targeted and separately tracked
by DMOs.
Southeast Tourism Society - (STS)
- Established
in 1983, STS has become the premier regional membership organization
that promotes add develops tourism by pioneering programs that have
a major impact on the tourism industry regionally and nationally. STS includes an eleven state region with
520+ members from every category of the tourism industry including in
our sustaining member states (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA,
WV). 3400 Peachtree Rd., NE; Suite 725; Atlanta,
GA 30326 phone: 404.364.9847 fax: 404.262.9518 http://southeasttourism.org/ & http://www.escapetothesoutheast.com/
Stakeholders are, in the context of this report,
environmentalists, park managers, tourism industry representatives,
consumers, host countries, host communities, funders and financiers,
and others who have an interest in a particular certification program.
Standard is a document approved by a recognized
body that provides for common and repeated use of a prescribed set of
rules, conditions, or requirements (Toth, 2000).
Step-on
Guide - A
highly knowledgeable guide whom "steps-on" an incoming motorcoach and
provides narrative interpretation for the experience. Some CVBs offer step-on guides for free.
Sometimes an independent company offers this service for a fee.
Supplier: The actual producer
of a unit of travel merchandise, such as a carrier, hotel or sightseeing
operator.
Sustainable development is
that which "meets the needs of the present without Compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
Sustainable tourism certifications
are programs
that measure a range of environmental, socio-cultural, and economic
equity issues both internally (within the business, service, or product)
and externally (on the surrounding community and physical environment).
Sustainable tourism is,
according to the World Tourism Organization, "envisaged as leading to
management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetic needs can be fulfilled with maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological diversity, and life support
systems."
TDA
- Tourism
Development Authority.
Teaser
Piece - A
teaser piece can either be a rack brochure (*see "rack brochure"
above), or a mailer, giveaway, or some other promotional piece that
is intended to "tease" the receiver into taking a specific action.
The
Natural Step (TNS) is a non-profit environmental education
organization founded in Sweden in 1989 that promotes both scientific
principles and social equity. I
TIA Travel Industry Association of America
http://www.tia.org/default.asp
TODS
- Tourist
Oriented Directional Signage
Tour Operator: A company that creates and/or markets
inclusive tours and/or performs tour services.
Tour: Any prearranged (but not necessarily prepaid)
journey to one or more places and back to the point of origin.
Tourism
certification programs, such as AAA (Automobile Association
of America), have typically measured and compared quantity, service,
and price, areas deemed most important to travelers.
Tourism Industries,
US Department of Commerce: The federal agency
responsible for tracking and analyzing international visitation to the
United States. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/
Tourism: Travel undertaken for pleasure. The business of providing and marketing services and facilities
for pleasure travelers. Thus, the concept of tourism is of direct concern
to governments, carriers, and the lodging, restaurant and entertainment
industries and of indirect concern to virtually every industry and business
in the world.
Trade
Show - A
product showcase for a specific industry.
Generally it is not open to the public. Differs from a "Consumer
Show" in that a trade show targets the professional industry, while
a consumer show targets consumers.
Travel Agent: The individual who
sells travel services, issues tickets and provides other travel services
to the travel services to the traveler sat the retail level.
Travel Industry Association
of America - TIA: The non-profit umbrella
trade organization of companies and government agencies representing
all segments of the travel industry formed to promote travel to and
within the US. http://www.tia.org/
TTRA Travel & Tourism Research Association
http://www.ttra.com/
URL - Universal Resource Locator. This is the term used for the address
of a Website. Think of
a URL as similar to a phone number or street address. Example: http://www.rtmnet.com; http://www.usdm.net.
VFR
- Visiting
friends and relatives
VFRM
- Visiting
friends and relatives of the military
Voluntary initiatives within
the tourism industry are not legally required or binding and are usually
focused on
Wholesaler - A company that purchases large blocks
of rooms, tickets, etc. and then resells to either the public or to
other travel professionals.
A company that usually creates and markets inclusive tours
and FITS for sale through travel agents.
Usually sells nothing at retail (as opposed to a travel
agent who can sell any product)., but also
does not always create his/her own product; also less likely to perform
local services
WTM
- World
Travel Market
WTO
stands
for two international organizations: 1) the World Tourism Organization,
a UN-related institution based in Madrid that collects data on
tourism and lobbies on behalf of the industry; and 2) the World Trade
Organization.
Glossary of Terms & Acronyms
Compiled & Contributed from our National Park Service
Friends
ABPP - American Battlefield Protection
Program (NPS)
Accessible - The availability of a facility,
program or service to all persons regardless of an mobility, vision,
hearing, learning or other impairment
AFV - Alternative fuel vehicle. Any
dedicated, flexible-fueled, or dual-fueled vehicle designed to operate
on at least one alternative fuel.
Alternative Fuel - Methanol, denatured ethanol and
other alcohols (separately or in mixtures of 85% or more by volume with
gasoline or other fuels) CNG, LNG, LPG, hydrogen, "coal-derived liquid
fuels'" fuels other than alcohols derived from biological materials,
electricity, neat biodiesel, and any other fuel "substantially not petroleum"
that yields substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental
benefits.
Annual
Pass -
An annual pass allows the use of any Corps-operated boat-launching ramp
or swimming beach at any Corps project for that calendar year.
ARPA - Archeological Resource Protection
Act 16 U.S.C. 470aa (1988). 93 Stat. 721, Pub. L. 96-95. The Archeological Resources Protection
Act is a wide-ranging piece of legislation designed primarily for the
protection of archeological resources on public and Native American
lands. It provides additional protection for
historic and archeological resources that are at least 100 years of
age through criminal and civil penalties and establishes a permitting
system to govern activities that further archeological knowledge.
AUPS - Automated User Permit System,
a software program used to manage the collection of user fees and issuance
of user fee permits at many Corps of Engineers campgrounds.
BIA - Bureau of Indian Affairs
Biodiesel - A biodegradable transportation
fuel for use in diesel engines that is produced using organically derived
oils or fats as feedstock. Biodiesel
is used as a component of diesel fuel.
In the future, it may be used as a replacement for diesel. B100 is 100 percent biodiesel; B20 is
20 percent biodiesel blended with diesel.
BMP - Best Management Practices.
BPA - Blanket Purchase Agreement. These
are agreements with vendors that allow buyers to make repetitive types
of purchases over a period of time with a summarized bill sent by the
vendor once a month.
CA - Cooperative Agreement
CE - Categorical
Exclusion
CEI - Center For Environmental Innovation.
Twenty National Park Service sites are serving as models for
sustainablility and green practices. CFV - Clean Fuel Vehicle. Any vehicle certified by EPA as meeting
federal emissions standards. There
are three categories of CFV standards: LEV, ULEV, and ZEV. Challenge Partnership Program
- The Challenge Partnership Program (formerly "challenge cost-sharing"
as authorized by Section 225 of the Water Resources Development Act
of 1992) provides opportunities for non-Federal public and private groups
and individuals to contribute to and participate in the operation and/or
management of recreation facilities and natural resources at Corps water
resource development projects. Partnering with others provides a way
to stretch the Corps of Engineers budget by sharing the cost of operating
and/or managing recreation facilities and natural resources.
Clean
Air Act 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q (as amended in 1990), 91 Stat. 685, Pub.
L. 101-549. The Clean Air Act established a regulatory
program with the goal of achieving and maintaining "national ambient
air quality standards" (NAAQS) through state or, if necessary, federal
implementation plans. The
Environmental Protection Agency is charged with promulgating "primary"
NAAQS for criteria pollutants to protect public health, allowing an
adequate margin of safety, and "secondary" NAAQS to protect the public
welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with
the presence of such air pollutant in the ambient air. The specifically
provides that "effects on welfare includes, but is not limited to, effects
on solid, water, crops, vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife,
weather, visibility, and climate, damage to and deterioration of property,
and hazards to transportation, as well as effects on economic values
and on personal comfort and well-being, whether caused by transformation,
conversion, or combination with other pollutants."
Clean
Water Act (Federal Water Pollution Control Act) 33U.S.C. 1251-1376 (1988),
June 30, 1948, ch. 758, 62 Stat. 1155. This Act was enacted "to restore and maintain
the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters"
by attaining the goals of providing for the protection of fish, shellfish,
wildlife, and recreation by 1983; eliminating the discharge of pollutants
into navigable waters and prohibiting the discharge of pollutants into
the waters of the United States."
Most of the administration and enforcement of its requirements
has been passed on to the states, with federal oversight. Standards promulgated by the states are
composed of three interrelated components: 1) the designated beneficial
uses of a water body such as contact recreation, drinking water supply,
or a cold water fishery; 2) the numerical or narrative criteria that
establish the limits of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics
of water that are sufficient to protect the beneficial uses; and 3)
an antidegradation provision to protect the existing uses of water.
CNG - Compressed Natural Gas. Natural gas that has been compressed under
high pressure of 2,000 to 3,600 psi in a pressurized container.
COE
or Corps or USACE
- Abbreviations for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Cooperating Association
- refers to a legal entity, organized under state law, which enjoys
a non-profit and tax-exempt status under Internal Revenue Service codes
and which operates under the terms of a Cooperative Agreement with the
Corps of Engineers.
Cooperative Agreement
- A cooperative agreement is a written legal instrument reflecting a
relationship between a Federal agency and a stste or local government,
tribal government, or other non-federal recipient in which the principle
purpose is to transfer money, property, services, or anything of value
to the state or local government or other recipient to stimulate or
support a public purpose authorized by federal statute.
Substantial involvement is anticipated between the federal agency
and the recipient during performance of the contemplated activity.
CVB - Convention and Visitors Bureau
Distance Learning -Any activity in which the learner
participates in a resource education experience from a location remote
from the resource in question and without the personal presence of a
agency representative, i.e. internet, interactive CD teleconferencing.
DOD - U.S. Department of Defense
DOE - U.S. Department of Energy. Department of the Federal government that
coordinates and manages energy conservation, supply, information dissemination,
regulation, research, development, and demonstration.
DOI - U.S. Department of the Interior
DOT - U.S. Department of Transportation.
Department of the Federal government that handles national transportation
issues.
Dual-Fuel Vehicle : EPACT: A vehicle designed to operate on a combination of an alternative and conventional
fuel. CAA: A vehicle with two separate fuel systems
designed to run on either an alternative fuel or conventional gasoline,
using only one fuel at a time.
E10 - (Gasohol) Ethanol/gasoline containing 10 % denatured
ethanol and 90% gasoline, by volume.
E85 - Ethanol/gasoline mixture containing
85% denatured ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume.
EA - Environmental Assessment/Analysis
Educational Programming
- Activities conducted in partnership with formal education institutions
and which seek to meet both the institution's specific education outcomes
and the agency's resource stewardship goals.
Educational/Interpretive Signage
- Simple sign or label that provides basic information to aid visitor
in orientation to or understanding of the location.
EIS - Environmental
Impact Statement
EMRRP - Ecosystem Management and Restoration
Research Program. The EMRRP is a research program of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers that helps decision-makers evaluate and mitigate the environmental
impacts of Corps water resource development activities at the ecosystem
level.
Endangered Species Act of 1973 16
U.S.C. 1531 et seq. (1988), 87 State. 884, Pub. L. 93-205. This Act created a powerful and effective
tool for preservation and recovery of declining species worldwide by
strengthening provisions of earlier laws and addressing some critical
new areas. Among the amendments
to the Act is the requirement that federal agencies consult with the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service if their activities may affect listed
species, and requires the agencies to develop programs for the conservation
of listed species.
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency.
Government agency responsible for protection of the environment
and public health, regulating air, water and land pollution, as well
as pollution from solid waste, radiation, pesticides, and toxic substances.
EPA also controls emissions from motor vehicles, fuels, and fuel
additives.
Ethanol - (also known as ethyl alcohol,
grain alcohol, ch3ch2oh) An
alcohol fuel produced from fermentation of various sugars from carbohydrates
found in agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from crops or wood. When used as a gasoline octane enhancer
and oxygenate, it increases octane by 2.5 to 3 numbers at 10% concentration.
Ethanol can also be used in higher concentration in AFVs that
have been designed or converted for its use.
Executive Order 13101 (1998). This Order required all Federal agencies
to purchase recycled content products that meet or exceed EPA guidelines
unless there is a price, performance, or availability justification
for not doing so.
Executive Order 13149 (1999).
This Order required all federal agency fleets to use re-refined oil
unless it is not available or does not meet performance needs. The Order also established EPA's Comprehensive
Procurement Guidelines that designate a variety of environmentally friendly
products that should be purchased by all Federal agencies.
FAA - Federal Aviation Administration
FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulation.
The FAR was established to codify uniform policies for acquisition of
supplies and services by executive agencies. It is issued and maintained
jointly, under the statutory authorities granted to the Secretary of
Defense, Administrator of General Services and the Administrator, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. Statutory authorities to issue
and revise the FAR have been delegated to the Procurement Executives
in DOD, GSA, and NASA.
FFV - Flexible Fuel Vehicle. Vehicles with a common fuel tank designed
to run on varying blends of unleaded gasoline with either ethanol or
methanol.
FHWA - U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FLETC - Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center (Glenco, Georgia)
FMP - Fire Management Plan, Forest Management
Plan
FONSI - Finding
of No Significant Impact
FY - An acronym for Fiscal Year, the
accounting period used by the federal government, which begins on 1
October and ends on 30 September.
GA - General Agreement
GD&S - Geospatial Data and Systems (GD&S)
is an all-encompassing term that refers to data referenced (directly
or indirectly) to a location on the earth and the systems that generate
and process the data. Systems that employ geospatial data include Geograhic
Information Systems (GIS), Land Information Systems (LIS), Remote Sensing
or Image Processing Systems, Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
systems, Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) Systems, and
other computer systems that employ or reference data using either absolute,
relative, or assumed coordinates such as hydrographic surveying systems.
GIS - Geographic Information System,
an information system that is designed to work with data referenced
by spatial or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is both
a database system with specific capabilities for spatially referenced
data, as well as a set of operations for working [analysis] with the
data.
Golden
Access Passport
- The Golden Access Passport is an entrance pass to national parks,
national wildlife refuges, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management
sites that charge entrance fees. It also provides a 50% discount on
federal recreation use fees. It is a lifetime pass for citizens or permanent
residents of the United States that are legally blind or permanently
disabled. It may be obtained in person at any national park, national
wildlife refuge, Corps of Engineers, Forest Service sites, or Bureau
of Land Management offices. Proof of medically determined permanent
disability or eligibility for receiving benefits under federal law must
be shown.
Golden
Age Passport
- The Golden Age Passport is an entrance pass to national parks, national
wildlife refuges, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management sites
that charge entrance fees. It also provides a 50% discount on federal
recreation use fees. It is a lifetime pass for citizens or permanent
residents of the United States that are age 62 or older. It may be purchased
for $10 in person at any national park, national wildlife refuge, Corps
of Engineers, Forest Service sites, or Bureau of Land Management offices.
Proof of age must be shown.
GPO - Government Printing Office
GPS - A Global Positioning System is
a satellite-based radionavigation system developed and operated by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). GPS permits land, sea, and airborne
users to determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and time
24 hours a day, in all weather, anywhere in the world with a precision
and accuracy far better than other radionavigation systems available
today or in the foreseeable future.
Green
Energy
- Energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or geothermal.
GSA - U.S. General Services Administration.
Since 1949, GSA has housed federal workers and provided products and
services to support the important work of government throughout the
country. GSA does it by negotiating contracts that account for $40 billion
of goods and services bought annually from the private sector.
HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicle. A vehicle which is powered by two or more
fuels, one of which is electricity.
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